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H. E. DEY & P. B. GRISWOLD. BICYCLE.

No. 485,094. Patented Oct; 25, 1892.

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the county of Hartford and State of Connectithe like in which the motion of a pedal-shaft UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY n'DEY, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, AND FREDERICK B. GRISWOLD,

.OF HARTFORD,

CONNECTICUT.

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srncmcnrron Application filed Inch 6, 1892.

.To all whom it may concern: 7 Be it known that we, HARRY E. DEY, acitiin thecountyof Kings'and State of ew York, and FREDERICK B. GRISWOLD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Hartford, in

out, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bicycles, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the drawings accompanying and fornnnga part of the same. w p

Our invention is an improvement in the driving mechanism of bicycles, tricycles, and

is transmitted to that of a driving-wheel.

'Heretofore the driving mechanism usually has consisted of asprocket-wheel on the pedalshaft geared by a chain belt to another wheel on the driving-axle; but it is well known that the loss of power in such machines is largely due to the friction and loss in the driving- Moreover, it often becomes necessary or desirable to change the relative gear, and this, with the devices in common use, is a matter of no little ,diliiculty and expense. We propose to substitute for the chain belt and sprocket-wheel a rotary eng ne and a motor carried by the pedal and driving shafts, respectively, and connected by passages or tubes for conducting the liquid from the pump or engine to the motor and back; and ourinventi'on resides in the particular construction and adaptation of these devices to the purpose set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bicycle to which our invention is applied. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of our improved driving mechanism on line a: an of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same on line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a. section of the pump or engine on line a Z of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an enlarged view in central section of a valve mechanism.

The invention is applicable to any form of safety-bicycle or tricycle or such machines as employ the ordinary chain belt and sprocketwheels, and is illustrated herein as applied to a well-known form of safety-bicycle.

A is the frame of the machine, and B the fork, in which is mounted the front wheel 0.

" lar casing F on the axle of flow by the combined action of forming art we.- Patent No. 485,094, dated October 25,1892.

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ings in the frame. The pedal-shaft passes through a closed casing F, but eccentrically" to the-same, and carries a disk G. A piston or vane II passesthrough the shaft and disk and is. movable through the same, constituting withthe casing an ordinary form of rotary 'pump or engine. U

The casing F is connected bymeans of induction and eduction pipes K K with a simithe driving-wheel, and in the latter there is contained a rotary disk G and piston H, similar to those described, and constituting a rotary motor which is driven by the-fluid forced through the easthe operation of the ing and pipes K K by pump on the pedal-shaft.

The two pumps or engines may have any given relations to one another; but for the purposes of varyingthe relations between the two We provide an additional but smaller chamber or casing L around the pedal-shaft and employ a second disk M and a piston N therein, mounted on the shaft in the same manner as the others.

.The space in casing or chamber L is shut off from that in the main casing by the disk G, and branch pipes O 0 from the main induction and eduction pipes are connected with it.

There is a by-pass P in .the side wall of the casing L, containing a gate-valve which when open permits the fluid, under the action of the piston N, to circulate around the disk M, but when closed causes the smaller pump to act in conjunction with the larger and produce astronger flow orcirculation of fluid through the motor. Thusin driving a bicycle where power rather than speed is desired, the by-pass P is opened, so that only the main pump works; but when increased speed is desired the valve in by-pass Pis closed, thus producingagrcater both pumps that drives the motor on the driving-shaft at a higher speed.. In order to check the flow of fluid through the small pump, except when the same is in operation, an automatic stopvalve p is placed in the cduclion pipe or port to prevent backflow.

We have provided special means for controlling the action or operation of the valve in the by-pass P. The valve itself consists of-a gate n, carried by a disk 0 in a cylindrical easing m, said gate extending .througha slot in the side wall of the casing L, and being adapted to open and close theJby-pass, according to its position. The valve is acted upon by aspring 0, that keeps it normally open, and is closed by the pressure of aliquid above it, pro duced by the pressure of a bulbB, connected with the valve-chamber by a pipe or tube S.

The bulb B may be placed in any convenient position to be reached by the rider and may constitute one of the handles of theyoke. We also propose to dispense with the usual form of brake and to employ agate-valve in one of the pipes K, which valve is operated by liquid-pressure in the same way as the first. In Fi 5 the details of this valveare shown in section. b i's'a casing which contains the valve, the main portions of which are a disk e, working in the cylindrical portions of the casing, and a plate or gate d, passing through slots in the side walls'of the eduction-pipeaud provided with a circular opening g. The valve is normally held open by a spring f constantly acting upon it. Whenever it is desired to check the speed of the machine, the rider by squeezing the bulb V, which also maybe one of -the handles, forces the plate (1 against the spring 1: andcauses'it to close to a greater or less extent the eductionjpassage, which is open fully only when the hole in the plate d registers with it. As liquid 'n thisapparatus, all portions of the motiontransmitting mechanism being tightly closed, we propose to use oil or glycerine as the transmitting medium.

The invention, in respect-to the more general features specified in the claims, is not limited to the particular devices herein described, for it is obvious that without departure from the principle of construction and operation the same results may be secured by many arrangements the well-recognized equivalents, mechanically,of those herein described. We do not claim as ouninventiou the combination of a pump and motor as a means of transmitting power, broadly; but

What we claim as our invention is- I 1. The combination, with the pedal-shaft and driving-axle of a cycle, of a rotary fluidmotor mounted on the driving-axle, a rotary fluid-pump of variable capacity mounted on the pedal-shaft, and pipes or tubes forming direct passages of communication between the eduction and induction'ports of the pump and induction and eduction :ports, respect: ively, of the motor.

2. The combination, with the drivingaxle and pedal-shaft of a cycle, of a rotary fluidmotor on the driving-axle, a rotary fluid pump or engine having two pistons of unequal capacity mounted on the pedal-shaft, maens for there is no waste of bringing one or.both of said pistons into operation, and thereby varying the capacity of the pump, and ed'uction and induction pipes or passages connecting the motor and pump, as set forth.

3. The combination, with the driving-axle and pedal-shaft of a cycle,"of a rotary motor mounted on the driving-axle, a rotary pump mounted on the pedal-shaft, pipes or tubes forming direct passages of communication between the duction and induction ports. of the pump and induction and eduction ports, respectively, of the motor, and a brake-valve located in one of said pipes, as set forth.

4. The combination, with the driving-axle and pedal-shaft of a cycle, of a rotary motor on the driving-axle, a rotary pump or engine on the pedal-shaft, eduction andinduction pipes connecting the same, a brake-valve lo cated' in one-of said pipes, a compressionbulb connected with the chamber of said valve and adapted to 'move and operate the same by the pressure of a fluid contained therein, as set forth.

5. The combination, with the rotary motor on the driving-axle, of a pump or engine on the pedal-shaft, consisting of a casing having twocompartments or chambers of unequal capacity, eduction and induction pipes between the same and the motor, pistons 'connect'ed with the pedal-shaft and located in the two chambers of the pump-casing, respectively, a by-pass in oneof said chambers, and a valve for controlling the same, as set forth.

6. The combination, with the driving-axle and pedal-shaft of a cycle or other vehicle, of a rotary fluid-motor on the driving-axle, a rotary fluid pump or engine connected with the same through eduction and induction pipes, said engine being composed of separate chambers or compartments and pistons or vanes connected with the pedal-shaft and working in the chambers, respectively, a bypass in one of the chambers, and a valve for controlling thesame, as set forth.

7. In a bicycle provided with a rotary motor on the driving-axle, a rotary engine of variable capacity on the pedal-shaft, and a series of pipes connecting the same, the combination of a brake-valve in one of the connecting-pipes, a valve for controlling the action of the motor-pistons for varying the capacity of the engine, and compression-bulbs attached to the yoke or handle of the bicycle and connected with pipesor tubes containing a fluid with the said valves, as and for the purpose set forth.

. HARRY E. DEY.

FREDERICK B. GRISWOLD. Witnesses as to Harry E. Dey:

PARKER W. PAGE,- Roe'r. F. GAYLORD. Witnesses as to Frederick B. Griswold:

FRANK E. HYAR, FREDK. E. FULLER. 

